预期寿命的影响因素（人的寿命可以量化预测吗）

这是薛非英语外刊精读栏目第18期

原文刊登于《Scientific American》（2018.04.10）

A new study published in JAMA The Journal of the American MedicalAssociation reveals a variety of recent health trends in the U.S., including a detailed breakdown of data at the state level. A group of researchers called the U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators completed the study as part of an annual assessment known as the “Global Burden of Disease” (GBD) analysis. The GBD represents an ongoing effort by the University of Washington’s Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) to quantify health disparities—part of an effort toward improving health systems around the world.

association 协会

variety 种类

trends 趋势

collaborator 合作者

annual 年度的

assessment 评估

ongoing 进行中的，不断的

disparity 差异，悬殊

breakdown 该词有故障、垮台、衰竭；此处意思是“数字细目，分类”

metric 本意为米的，公制的，度量衡的；此处Health Metrics意为“健康指标”

1.A new study published in JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association reveals a variety of recent health trends in the U.S., including a detailed breakdown of data at the state level.

此句主干为“A new study reveals a variety of recent health trends”。中间的“published in JAMA The Journal of the American Medical Association”为过去分词作后置定语；最后的“including…”为分词作状语；需要注意的是，此处“detailed breakdown”为“细致的分类数据”。

2.A group of researchers called the U.S. Burden of Disease Collaborators completed the study as part of an annual assessment known as the “Global Burden of Disease” (GBD) analysis.

此句主干为“A group of researchers completed the study”；中间的“called…”为分词作定语，后面的“as…”为介词短语作后置定语，其中又嵌套了一个“known as…”作定语。

JAMA（美国医疗协会）发表了一项新研究，该研究揭示了最近美国的健康状况，包括州一级的详细分类数据。一个叫做“美国疾病负担”的研究小组做完了此项研究，该研究是全球疾病负担（GBD）测评研究的一部分。GBD代表了华盛顿大学健康指标与评测研究院的不懈努力。他们努力量化健康差异——这也是提高全世界医疗系统的创举之一。

1.Some pieces of the school-bus-size Tiangong-1 almost certainly survived the fall, but the odds that they caused any damage or injury are extremely small

此句中主干为“Some pieces survived the fall”，其中的“of the school-bus-size Tiangong-1”是介词短语作定语，“almost certainly”为副词作状语；后半句语法上与前半句是并列句，因为中间有并列连接词“but”；“the odds that”后面跟的是同位语从句，指向“odds”，odds在此处意思是概率。

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